Isabella of France Queen Consort of Edward II

Every Good Story Requires Its Villains, Heroes and...

BOLTON UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF WELLBEING AND SOCIAL SCIENCE BUSINESS SCHOOL Module Name and number: Managing Organisational Behaviour. (BAM2002) Tutor: Tony CARDEN Assignment Number: 1 of 2 (50%) Assignment Length: 2500 words Submission Deadline: Monday 19th March 2012 (Week 7) Assignment Title: Every good story requires its villains, heroes and heroines. The study of management is no different and a perusal of Organisational Textbooks, more often than not, depicts F. W. Taylor’s Scientific Management theory as the villain of the story and the Human Relations Movement as the hero or heroine. The Human Relations Movement is portrayed as the proverbial knight in shining white armour whose arrival, via†¦show more content†¦From this time, managerial theory became unavoidable and critical in the way managers manage complex organizations. More broadly, according to Koontz and Weihrich (1990:4), â€Å"management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims.† Management has been defined in many different ways, but there is a common denominator to all those definitions, some elements are used and considered in each definition. Chelladurai, P. (2005) points out some elements like goals/objectives to be achieved with limited resources and with and through people. He adds that the objective of every managerial work and mostly the role of the manager inside a company are to inspire, motivate, and encourage the workers to perform at their workplace in an effective and cost-effective manner. This shows how managers of contemporary organizations have to cope with a strategic and starring role in their respective organizations if they are to achieve set goals. Because the management process has several required organisational steps which cannot be ignored and have to be implemented using knowledge areas such as planning, organising, leading and evaluating. Do Human relations movement and Taylorism have joint elements? Through the twentieth century, management theory developed in different phases. Grieves, J. (2000) stresses that management researchers invested

Look me in the eye free essay sample

Mary Ellis 8/6/12 Summer assignment Look Me In The Eyes Chapter 1: Blue blocks went with blue blocks, and red blocks went with red blocks. But Doug would lean over and put a red block on top of the blue ones. Couldnt he see how wrong that was? (pg. 7) This really stood out to me on the very first page in chapter one, simply because it gave me a better grasp of what Aspergers was truly like. Chapter 2: I had learned something from my humiliations at the hands of Ronnie Ronson and Chuckie and all of the other kids ld tried and failed to make friends with. I was starting to figure out that I was different. But I had a positive outlook. (pg. 19-20) This displayed for me the way John carried the burden of his disease on his shoulders from a young age. Chapter 3: My mother sent me to a therapist, of whom focuses on the wrong things. (pg. 30) This says to me that maybe in fact we havent found the correct way to cope with these struggles that people face from this particular disease. Chapter 4: My father was mean, and he was dangerous to trick. When I read this I was sad, because when John begins to fit in he cant even feel comfortable in his own ome or feel open enough with his dad to communicate things. Chapter 5: And thats what I dreamed of being. A craftsman. An artist, working in automotive steel. (pg. 49) Among his struggles through being a misfit John still developed and created his own dreams and aspirations. Chapter 6: My parents drove each other crazy, and they almost drove me crazy. Luckily, the Aspergers isolated me from the worst of the insanity until I was old enough to escape it. (pg. 55) In this, I can clearly see John looking for a positive side to his disease, rather than Just eing miserable all the time. Although it set him back at times, it also allowed him to escape when he needed too. Chapter 7: But I was far too shy and insecure to ever tell her how I feel about her. (pg. 68) This frustrates me, I understand he suffers from social awkwardness although at the same time in this situation I feel that he is making up excuses; simply because he is too scared to face his real emotions. Chapter 8: There is a dark side to Aspergers, and it comes from our childhood treated. (Chapter 8, pg. 69) To me this stood out among all the other quotes, due to he pure truth it displays. Not only is it a raw statement but also, this particular quote allows you to see beyond his disease and see into his emotions. Chapter 9: My Parents seemed oblivious to my struggles. After all, they were starring in their own epic, and I was Just the supporting player (pg. 85) He felt invisible not only to others but to his own family; he was lost in his social anxietys. Chapter 10: Somehow I was in the improbable position of scoring in the ninety- ninth percentile on the intelligence tests and still flunking out of high school. (pg. 97) Although John may have suffered from developing normal social skills, he did not lack brains in the least, and he was Just struggling with the weight of the world on his shoulders. Chapter 1 1: l had gone to see doctors of one sort or another all my life. (pg. 109) Through the spiral of not only adolescence, but also the diagnoses of his disease he spent his time drifting among doctors, continuing to look for answers. Chapter 12: I was getting pretty good at adapting to new people and places. I was even starting to see the world. (pg. 14) As his experiences began to hold more depth, he world along with his life started to become less intimidating. Chapter 13: With an important Job to do, the gentle roll of the ship, the stars, and the sea air, it seemed like magic. (pg. 130) After all those years of feeling like such an outcast John now pauses to examine the progress hes made. John finally reached a point in his life where he began to feel satisfaction with himself. Chapter 14: My experiments had so far been confined to childhood pranks-nothing on this scale (pg. 34-135) Now the real world, full of the twist and turns of fait are ecoming Johns reality. He was no longer pranking others to escape his own world, but projecting himself in a position where he can solve real life experiments. Chapter 15: My little brother had no concept of the cost or trouble to bring him there, I didnt either, but he didnt know that. (pg. 148) Although his intelligence was more advanced and higher than others, John lacked many things one of which fully understood the concepts that came along with the adult world, such as money management. Chapter 16: Many people with Aspergers have an affinity for machines. Sometimes I hink I can relate better to a good machine than any kind of person. (pg. 1 51) Machines are the one thing John feels he has control over, people have emotions, and they carry Judgment, where as a machine cant voice its opinion, it Just does exactly what you direct it to do; unlike humans machines are predictable. just to scary for me. (pg. 166) His disease caused him to suffer from social anxieties, those of which prevented John from easily developing close relationships with others. Chapter 18: I was afraid to leave my parents. (pg. 172) Usually for average individual leaving the nest would come as a natural and exciting transition; however for John it seems overwhelming and is something he fears. This is scary to him because now he wont Just has to deal wit his parents but new people he will encounter in his life. Chapter 19: For the first time in my life, I put on a nice button-down shirt and a ti e each morning. (pg. 181) At this point in my opinion, John is realizing the adult world is something he can tackle, and even if it isnt the biggest or fanciest Job in the world john was apart of something, he had developed a routine. Chapter 20: Im a very logical guy. Psychologists say thats an Aspergian trait. This can lead to trouble in common social situations, because ordinary conversation doesnt always proceed logically. (Pg. 189) Going out and having fun is what the average person looks forward to each and everyday, although in Johns case he fears this. Fitting in is an obstacle for him, which as he grows older seems to become easier however it still has a grasp on him. Chapter 21: When I was a little older, I had tried out for Little League, but no one picked had picked me. I never tried out for a team after that. (Pg. 04) He felt alone, e hadnt had answers yet, and so to him he felt even worse about himself. John was trapped in the rejection he experienced in his childhood. Chapter 22: I believe that there is a continuum from autism to Aspergers to normal. (pg. 207) What John is trying to voice is that, although he notices his disease in himself, he also recognizes the normal aspects of his life and of himself, which helps ease his insecurities. Chapter 23: I knew I had a hard time with people, and I wanted Chubby to get along better than I had. (pg. 222) John knew the struggles he experienced throughout his ife, and the set backs it caused him. He knows he wants a more improved life for his son so he can experience those things John couldnt. Chapter 24: Its not a disease, he explained. It doesnt need curing. Its Just how you are. (pg. 236) In my opinion after all the years of being told of all the things he lacks, john was now meant to feel that he didnt suffer from a so called disease, but instead it was Just who he was. His flaws were now his own traits, each one individual and beautiful. Chapter 25: Names have been a source of difficulty for me as long as I can emember because the names I use are often not the ones other people expect. (pg. 241) This is part of Johns social awkwardness, instead of filtering his thoughts Johns Chapter 26: My skills at choosing people with whom I might form relationships was always less than my skill at choosing mechanical or electronic things. (pg. 247) He found that creating relationships with humans wasnt black and white like a machine or something that was more logical, but it held color, unpredictability, this threw him off and made it more difficult for John to Just go with the flow of things. Chapter 27: Some people say I never smile and I dont have many facial expressions, but somehow she can get me to smile, and she can read what little expressions I may have. (pg. 254) Part of Aspergers is the uncontrolled or awkward facial expressions made in social situations, however John is beginning to let his armor down and let his expressions become more natural. Chapter 28: Everywhere Id lived, until now, I had carried the burden of Aspergers with me. (pg. 260) The heavy weight of hatred John felt towards him begins to lessen along with his burdens. He slowly starts the process of self-acceptance; I think John begins to find he is his own hardest critic. Chapter 29: Why were we there? Because Aspergians are driven to learn all they can about subjects that interest them, and one of my favorite subjects had always been transportation machinery. (pg. 267) He engulfed himself in things which intrigued him, although machines were safe for him and was easily controlled; John still stepped out into the unknown. John although loved predictable machines he had enough self drive to push himself towards unpredictable things such as people and interactions with them.

ddsdds Essay Example For Students

ddsdds Essay Summary: Hamlet is upset with his mothers hasty marriage to his King Uncle Father,Claudius following his fathers death. He suspects foul play which is later confirmed bythe ghost of his father. Now, Hamlet is set on avenging the death of his father as a favorto him. At the same time, he must figure out who is more at fault, his mother oruncle-father. This completely messes with Hamlets mind and he is confused entirely onhis situation. His reaction to her marriage in the first place sent him into deep depression,but now, there might of been an alterior motive to the whole thing. Also, there is a certain amount of hatred/jealousy towards Claudius projected fromHamlet. It all pertains to the subject of the Oedipus Complex. Was Hamlet indeed inlove with his mother and longing to take the place of her affections? 1. a father killed, a mother stained Quote used to describe basic plot. For while few of us have murdered fathers to avenge, and not so many adulterousmothers to shame us, there will be hardly a man in any audience to whom that wordmadness, in some one of its meanings, has not at one time or another come dreadfullyhome. Gertrude is shown sensually in love with Claudius, and seductive enough to make himcommit murder for her sake. This shows Gertrude as a vixen and suggests that she isthe reason that Claudius commited murder. Hamlet rages at her no more. But the compassion stirred in him soon hardens to irony. He has, she tells him, cleft her heart in twain. His O, throw away the worser part of it,/And live the purer with the other half only preludes the Good-night; but go not to mineuncles bed;/ Assume a virtue if you have it not. Hamlet is talking to Gertrude inher chambers after the play and is informing her that she is a sinful and lustfulwoman. This is when he suddenly feels a sense of passion for her. 2. Explaination of Gertrudes Character: Gertrude, Hamlets mother, is one of themost crucial characters in the play because she is the focus of the love and/or anger of thetrio of men who have been or are in contention for Denmarks throneHamlets father,Claudius, and Hamlet himself. In Shakespeares timeless version, Gertrude is less aware of any wrongdoing. She ismore of an innocent sex object manipulated by her husband and son and frustrated by herdesire to love and please both of them. The Ghosts Obsession with Gertrude: Before he disappears, he returns to the topicof Gertrudes sexual misdeed, but again admonishes Hamlet to leave her to heaven. Theghosts second appearance to Hamlet is prompted by the need for further defense ofGertrude. Hamlets resolution when he is preparing to visit his mothersbedchamberseems to be failing. His frezied attack on Gertrude gains verbal force andviolence until the ghost intervenes. Hamlet shares the ghosts obsession with Gertrudessexuality, but is dissipating the energy that should be directed toward avenging his fathersmurder in attacking GertrudeThe ghost intervene to command Hamlet to protectGertrude, to step between her and her fighting soul. Gertrude (cont.): Hamlets violent emotions toward his mother are obvious from hisfirst soliloquy, in which twenty-three of the thirty-one lines express his anger and disgustat what he perceives to be Gertrudes weakness, insensitivity, and, most important,bestiality. Claudius speaks respectfully of Gertrude throughout the play. His toleration forHamlets extraordinary behavior is for his love for Gertrude. Gertrudes attractiveness for Claudius is one of the causes for obsessionand his sexualposession of her is one of the resultsof the murder of old Hamlet. Although he clearlyloves her-he shares the Hamlets conception of Gertrude as an object. She is posessedas one of the effects of his actions. Though he loves her so, he will not stop her fromdrinking the poisoned wine, which asks many questions for his self-restraint. .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 , .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 .postImageUrl , .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 , .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773:hover , .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773:visited , .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773:active { border:0!important; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773:active , .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773 .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12302e2372c76b4ba5996ae11d9db773:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A tale of two cities 2 EssayShe is repeatedly ordered off by Claudius, which he does both to protect her from thediscovery of his guilt and to confer with her priavtely about how to deal with Hamlet. Guilt of Gertrude: When speaking to Hamlet, the ghost does not state or suggestGertrudes guilt in the murder

Kubla Khan Essays - British Poetry, Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Kubla Khan Kubla Khan If a man could pass thro' Paradise in a Dream, & have a flower presented to him as a pledge that his Soul had really been there, & found that flower in his hand when he awoke -- Aye! and what then? (CN, iii 4287) Kubla Khan is a fascinating and exasperating poem written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge (. Almost everyone who has read it, has been charmed by its magic. It must surely be true that no poem of comparable length in English or any other language has been the subject of so much critical commentary. Its fifty-four lines have spawned thousands of pages of discussion and analysis. Kubla Khan is the sole or a major subject in five book-length studies; close to 150 articles and book-chapters (doubtless I have missed some others) have been devoted exclusively to it; and brief notes and incidental comments on it are without number. Despite this deluge, however, there is no critical unanimity and very little agreement on a number of important issues connected with the poem: its date of composition, its meaning, its sources in Coleridge's reading and observation of nature, its structural integrity (i.e. fragment versus complete poem), and its relationship to the Preface by which Coleridge introduc ed it on its first publication in 1816. Coleridge's philosophical explorations appear in his greatest poems. 'Kubla Khan', with its exotic imagery and symbols, rich vocabulary and rhythms, written, by Coleridge's account, under the influence of laudanum, was often considered a brilliant work, but without any defined theme. However, despite its complexity the poem can be read as a well-constructed exposition on human genius and art. The theme of life and nature again appears in 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner', where the effect on nature of a crime against the power of life is presented in the form of a ballad. 'Christabel', an unfinished 'gothic' ballad, evokes a sinister atmosphere, hinting at evil and the grotesque. In his poems Coleridge's detailed perception of nature links scene and mood, and leads to a contemplation of moral and universal concerns. In his theory of poetry Coleridge stressed the aesthetic quality as the primary consideration. The metrical theory on which 'Christabel' is constructed helped to break th e fetters of 18th-century correctness and monotony and soon found disciples, among others Walter Scott and Lord Byron. Opium and the Dream of Kubla Khan Coleridge's use of opium has long been a topic of fascination, and the grouping of Coleridge, opium and Kubla Khan formed an inevitable triad long before Elisabeth Schneider combined them in the title of her book. It is tempting on a subject of such intrinsic interest to say more than is necessary for the purpose in hand. Since the medicinal use of opium was so common and wide-spread, it is not surprising to learn that its use involved neither legal penalties nor public stigma. All of the Romantic poets (except Wordsworth) are known to have used it, as did many other prominent contemporaries. Supplies were readily available: in 1830, for instance, Britain imported 22,000 pounds of raw opium. Many Englishmen, like the eminently respectable poet-parson George Crabbe, who took opium in regular but moderate quantity for nearly forty years, were addicts in ignorance, and led stable and productive lives despite their habit. By and large, opium was taken for granted; and it was only the terrible experiences of such articulate addicts as Coleridge and Dequincy that eventually began to bring the horrors of the drug to public attention. Coleridge's case is a particularly sad and instructive one. He had used opium as early as 1791 (see CL, i 18) and continued to use it occasionally, on medical advice, to alleviate pain from a series of physical and nervous ailments. But the opium cure proved ultimately to be more devastating in its effects than the troubles it was intended to treat, for such large quantities taken over so many months seduced him unwittingly into slavery to the drug. And his life between 1801 and 1806 (when he returned from Malta) is a somber illustration of a growing and, finally, a hopeless bondage to opium. By the time he realized he was addicted, however, it was too late. He consulted a variety

Ancient Potters essays

Ancient Potters essays Our knowledge of ancient science and technology is based entirely on what we have uncovered at archeological sites. When researchers first started finding things belonging to ancient peoples, they formed ideas about how those people lived and operated in their society. As more information came to light, many ideas had to be changed. New discoveries enabled researchers to get a clearer picture of how certain areas of the ancient world practiced their trade. Many of the new discoveries had to do with pottery. There is now an abundance of information telling us about ancient potters, concerning how they produced their wares and to where these wares were sold. Apart from the progression from open fire to the use of kilns, more specific elements of the pottery process were revealed. With the use of modern technology, researchers realized that the ancient potters were not just using whatever clay was available but were using certain kinds. As the craft developed, the potters learned which clay to use for its strength and color. We now know that it is the levels of iron and calcium contained in the clay that determine these things. Also, it was discovered that, contrary to popular belief, paint was not used to illustrate the pottery. Instead, a mixture of clay and water, called a slip, was used. The slip was added before the clay was fired. To get the change in color desired, the potters (probably unaware of the chemistry involved) deprived the fire of oxygen at one point in the process and then reintroduced it. Another big discovery was the terra sigillata molds. These molds were used to mass-produce a certain kind of pottery. The pottery was called Samian ware. Samian ware was the ancient equivalent of fine china. It was all red and had a glossy shine to it. And, usually when a potter would make this stuff, he would add his trademark, his symbol. The symbol became a mark of excellence. But, even in these ancient...

Org chemistry drawing assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Org chemistry drawing assignment - Coursework Example 3) Draw trans-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane and cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane as their most stable chair conformations. Label all non-favorable interactions, describe why they are unfavorable, and to what value (energy). Which is more stable, the trans or cis structure? All non-favorable 1,3-diaxial interactions are presented in the figure above. Such interactions are unfavorable because both methyl groups and hydrogens try to occupy the same space, which leads to destabilization of the molecule. Structure (I) should be highly unfavorable due to interaction between two methyl groups. As in the previous case, this destabilization is expressed in a value of several kJ/mole. Cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane represented in the rectangle is the most stable because both methyl groups occupy equatorial positions. 4) Draw trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane and cis-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane as their most stable chair conformations. Label all non-favorable interactions, describe why they are unfavorable, and to what value (energy). Which is more stable, the trans or cis structure? Non-favorable 1,3-diaxial interactions are shown in the figure above. Such interactions are unfavorable because both methyl groups and hydrogens try to occupy the same space, which leads to destabilization of the molecule. As in all previous cases, this destabilization is expressed in a value of several kJ/mole. Trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane represented in the rectangle is the most stable because both methyl groups occupy equatorial positions. Bromine is significantly bigger then ethyl substituent. For this reason, it will produce less steric interactions if bromine is in the equatorial position. For this reason, the conformation represented in the rectangular will be the most stable. It is expected that the most amount of cis-1-bromo-4-ethylcyclohexane will be with the equatorial

Cloud Computing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cloud Computing - Case Study Example This is achieved through being allowed to pay at a very low rate the capacity which they use only (AmazonWebService, November 2012). The provision of Software-as-a-Service and Infrastructure-as-a-Service offloads the burden of constantly updating systems both hardware and software from the consumer to service provider. In this regard Ericsson rides on the latest and updated systems handing at no extra cost. Cloud based systems such as the ones offered by AWS are accessed through web APIs which can be remotely accessed from virtually anywhere in the world offering a very flexible and highly convenient system which to international companies such as Erickson redefines global outreach literally. Furthermore Cloud based systems are a 24 hour service which allow round the clock access as a results clients are able to get an on demand availability of their data and systems. On demand systems offered by AWS Allows ericsson to work only with the capacities they require as and when they are n eeded as such no resource goes to waste of idle time and they freed from costs arising from long term planning upgrades and maintenance of systems. The fact that Ericsson runs mobile networks, a real-time on demand availability of their systems offers a cutting edge market advantage over their competitors (Dodani, 2009). Ericsson cloud based systems uses Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Amazon Simple Storage Services (S3), and Rightscale. These are powerful and robust services provided by Amazon designed to simplify cloud computing. Amazon EC2 for example provides a complete control of the system as if it were on premise by allowing users to obtain and configure their systems capacity with a lot of ease. Acquisition and booting a new server through Amazon EC2 has been simplified providing a quick means of either increasing or decreasing capacity depending with system requirements (AmazonWebService, November 2012). This is a highly scalable

Should I study accounting (I will say agree and should give reason.) Essay

Should I study accounting (I will say agree and should give reason.) - Essay Example Here the word value means in the monetary terms and also in the behavioral terms. An accountant is a respected person in all the businesses and the organizations. Many authors have listed several reason and advantages to study accountancy as the major subject. The future of an accountant is always secure regarding economic and monetary terms and conditions. The on-job promotions always give an open opportunity for growth and development of any individual and for an accountant there is a variety of promotions during their job trainings. The accountant may be offered a handsome salary package just because of his major studies and the skills and abilities, which he may possess after completing the accounting major. As I am interested in doing my own business, accountancy will also help me regarding all the techniques of the installing and then running any business. Accountancy major actually teaches the tips and tricks to handle or to govern the business in a proper and true direction, hence I chose accounting as my major. Firstly, I want to say that accounting is a field having a wide scope in many areas of the life or in professional terms we can say in many businesses accounting can be compensated. I am completely satisfied with accounting field and want to continue with it. There are many reasons behind my decision regarding the selection of accounting subject as my major. I am very easy at playing with numbers. From my early educational life, I am always attracted towards mathematical subjects and or we can say numbers and counting. Due to my interest and affiliation with the subject, I decided to take accounting as my major subject. Now at this point of time in my educational career, I must appreciate my decision of taking accounting as a major. This profession does not limit a person to a single line of business but has its roots to the personal finance management as well (Chavez 1981). Another reason for the

How can Malaysia get out of the middle income trap?

How can Malaysia get out of the middle income trap? Malaysia is caught in the middle trap right now and getting it out is going to be tough. With an income that is not too high and not low, Malaysian find it hard to reach a higher level of income. To really get out from the middle income trap, Malaysia needs to change what it has been doing economically for the past 40 years. Middle income trap concept refers to an easy transition of a low income to a middle income economy due to its competitive nature in terms of cheap wages and labour- intensive industries. It is easy to transit from low income to middle income but it will be hard to transit from middle income to high income due to several factors. Malaysia is getting into middle income trap and is likely to experience a small change in factor- price ratio. This means that wages received by both skilled and unskilled labour does not increase a lot and doesnt reach high income level. In our research paper, we will divide into the four main parts. First, we discuss the background of Malaysias economy and then the factors which lead Malaysia to fall into the middle income trap, in this part we find out that there are about six factors which lead Malaysia into the trap. After that, we discuss on people who are affected due to the middle income trap. Lastly, ways or method to escape from the middle income trap is also our main concern. We have some ways to implement to make developing nations can graduate into becoming fully advanced economies. When we look at our economic background, we can clearly see that from independence to the 1980s, Malaysia progressed rapidly. From an agricultural society in the 1950s, it evolved into an Asian Tiger Economy by the 1980s, mainly labour- intensive industrialisation. However, subsequent effort in deepen our industrialisation make our economic to remain stagnant while other countries continue to expand rapidly. Recently, countrys performance has been disappointing with GDP growth rate declining to 5.5 percent in 2002 to 2008 from 9.1 percent in 1990-1997. In the past 1970, about 50% of Malaysian live in absolute poverty but now decrease to less than 4%. However, Malaysian feels that they are stuck from increasing where GDP growth has slowed up. However, when we look at other countries for example Korea, they are at one time the poorest country in the world but they are growing both economic and politic. Reason that their economic can grow is because they have higher purchasing power compared to Malaysia. This is because they receive averagely higher income and with higher income they will have more spending power which will boost their economy. Countries such as Cambodia and Vietnam have very low wages while Malaysia traps in the middle ground. How to get into middle income trap One of the factors Malaysia trapped into the middle income is due to over dependence on FDI and lack of doing research and development (RD). Multinational companies will only provide instant of capital, expertise and technology into Malaysia but they will not develop or improving Malaysias product. Malaysias businessmen seem to be satisfied in making profit by serving the MNCs and maintaining their original, assembly- based business models. Besides, labour productivity is growing quite slow than in the 1990s. Manufacturing in Malaysia has a low value added and had spent a very low RD spending. For example, Malaysia had spent only 0.6% of GDP in RD compared to South Korea which is 3.5%. South Korea is probably the best example of a developing country which shifts to a advance country. Companies in Korea like Samsung and LG dominates in the market. Taiwan is also not far behind. Chinas policymakers are aware that they need to suit with the changes in market if the labor costs rise. With a low tech manufacturing industries and lack of skilled labour compared to country such as Singapore, the production in Malaysia is less competitive and thus less profit which means lower wages paid to the workers. Migrant workers which depress wages also one of the factors which cause Malaysia to fall into the middle income trap. It is a mistake in letting migrant workers to overflow in Malaysia and depresses wages. This will limit the improvements of the productivity. Malaysia has too huge amount of foreign workers which is reportedly has 1.9 million registered workers and another 600000 unregistered ones accounting for nearly one- fifth of the working population. These workers are not confined to the so- called 3D jobs where the jobs are difficult, dirty and dangerous that the locals are unwilling to do those kinds of jobs. Too many of unskilled labour will lead to low value added in the productivity. Malaysian worker are forced to receive low wages since competition with the migrant workers are keen because the migrant workers are willing to accept lower wages and longer hours of working. Besides, when we take account the negative externalities which associates with the excessive presence o f migrant workers, we found that migrant worker is a burden to Malaysias economy as the migrant workforce turns out to be a costly affair. There are cases where the migrant workers cause social problem in Malaysia and there were also cases where the migrant workers are abused by their employer. They are also forced to receive low wages since there is no law to protect their rights. It is not denied that Malaysia needs the services of foreign workers, both skilled and unskilled but government need to ensure that they are well treated and wages should be increased align to the local wages so that Malaysian wages can be raised higher. In the case of Malaysia, high wage need not mean high labour costs if an increase of wages are backed by an increase in productivity. In the other words, low wages does not mean lower labour costs if the productivity declines. Apart from that, over subsidies of the subsidised item leads to middle income trap. Subsidy was implemented in 1961 under the Control Act 1961 and subsidised items include petrol, sugar, gas, rice, salt and other basic items. Subsidy of these items has made the Government spending to increase and it is too heavy for government to continue to bear the cost. For example, the oil price in 1970s was under US$12 per barrel. However, it increases to almost US$75 per barrel which causes a cost that is unbearable to the government. Moreover, over subsidies in local industries for example proton is a burden to the government spending. If compared to South Korea, such industry had do the same thing in the beginning but they were weaned off from the government subsidy much earlier and where Proton is still now subsidised. The high cost of subsidies restrains the government ability to upgrade infrastructures and involve in more research and development which increase the productivity and competi tiveness in order to become a high income country. Price control has been one of the major causes of falling into middle income trap. The policy where government enforced price control in Malaya to avoid hardships after World war2 holds until today. Price control items include basic necessities such as rice, flour, sugar, milk and even taxi fares. Price of commodities in Malaysia is much cheaper because of the controls compared to other countries. The problem with the price control is that workers annual pay raises are linked to the nations CPI which is consumer price index. This mean that with a low CPI, the salary received by the worker remain low and a shift to a higher income will be very hard. Since 1980s, Malaysian wages have fallen behind wages of the rest of the world. For an example, a graduate policeman earn at RM 2300 per month compared to RM4400 in Singapore. Apart from restraining Malaysian wages, price controls also sternly distort domestic economic factor proportions which cause many factories ending up in inefficient economic production processes. When we compared through GDP, South Korea has a GDP per capita of US$16450, Singapore US$34,346, while Malaysia still remain at US$7469. The table below shows that the breakdown weightage allocated for the different categories of items consumed on a daily basis. For example, Food and non- alcoholic beverages and Housing, water, electricity, gas and fuels make up over 52.8% of the weightage. We can see that most of the items are heavily subsidised or price controlled. Apart from the raw materials, value added items such cooked food and beverages are always levied at the market price but not captured in the CPI. Besides, transport which contribute 15.9% of the weightage does not include hire purchase for cars and motorcycle or the cost of imported spare part for repairing. Some construction materials such cement and clinker maybe price controlled but for certain price of rental are determined at market rate. http://greglopez.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/n5-1.jpg?w=300 Low inflation rate causes wages to be artificially suppressed and it creates a wide gap between Malaysian working domestically and those workers who work abroad. With low wages, we will be unable to attract talent from other countries even though our product and services are relatively cheaper. Moreover, low or middle income creates a technology gap making Malaysia to be uncompetitive. Technology goods and services have become more expensive for Malaysian to purchase including items such as Iphone, laptop which it is common nowadays. With a cheap currency, we find it difficult to purchase the most advanced technology to improve productivity. Malaysia was emphasizing on agriculture sector in the early 1950s but when Malaysias economic had shift from agriculture sector to manufacturing sector, agriculture sector had became a drag to the economy. The dominance of oil palm and rubber in the agriculture sector is unfortunately a significant drag and had caused the nations to cease from shifting to a high income economy. Those plantation terrain, paddy harvesting and rubber tapping are not easily mechanised and remaining done by manual. Agriculture sector with high technology and mechanised makes more profit by having much efficient and more productivity. Until today, agriculture with manual worker still remain as low wage activities and most of the agriculture depend a lot on foreign labour. For example, textile industry hires most of the workers from Bangladesh since the local workers are not willing to work in this sector because of the low wages. The mobility of the foreign workers in plantation is also easy and they move from estates to factories which mean it is hard for government to disallow the foreign workers to work in the non- plantation sector. The cumulative effect is that there are now about 2.3 million low- skill foreign workers in Malaysia, making up about 20% of the workforce. They are in the manufacturing, petroleum, construction and domestic- help sectors. Lately, they are also involving in retailing, food and beverage, tourism and hotel industries. Such a massive inflow of foreign workers into those industries will therefore suppress wages in Malaysia and causes middle income trap. Effects of the Middle Income Trap Malaysias caught in the middle-income trap right now give awareness to our policymakers that the export-led growth strategy, according to some, is no longer an optimal development strategy for developing countries especially Malaysia. Continued emphasis on export-led growth will, among other things, increase the reliance of developing countries on the developed world and dampen domestic market growth. Many export-dependent developing countries started tweaking their growth strategies especially after external demand for their exports dried up on account of the current global financial and economic crisis. Though Malaysias growth strategy had started emphasizing domestic demand since about a decade back, it still remains largely dependent on external demand for its economic growth (Quah, 2009). Ex-World Bank chief economist and Brookings Institutions Wolfensohn Centre for Development, Global Economy and Developments senior fellow, Homi J. Kharas, said there was an impetus for change a nd rethinking on policies and strategies in Malaysia every 10 years based on economic developments. Malaysia has been very successful as an exporting nation but has also been very export dependent. About 90% (of products) are being exported to the United States, Europe and Japan, he said, adding that Malaysia needed to diversify its exports (Malaysia needs to be high-income economy, 2009). However, the main challenge is domestic market of Malaysia is too limited due to only 28 million of populations. Thats why we are facing the dilemma of the exploration of external and domestic market. However, 2010 GDP performance sets strong momentum for a robust 2011. Given the marked improvement in economic growth in the first half of the year, domestic demand was clearly the chief momentum driver for the recovery. Moving forward, the country is anticipated to register a robust GDP growth of 5.6% in 2011, with domestic demand once again acting as the back-bone for momentum (RAM Rating Services, 2011). Besides, middle-income trap also lead to declining private investments. The old growth model provided three decades of outstanding performance, permitting Malaysia to provide for the health and education of its people, largely eradicate poverty, build a world-class infrastructure and become a major exporter globally. But the progress we have made over the past half-century has slowed and economic growth prospects have weakened considerably. We are caught in a middle income trap. Malaysia has been susceptible to external shocks, as seen during the past crises. Increases in international commodity prices, like fuel or food, have direct impact on domestic prices. Similarly, unless production costs and productivity in Malaysia can keep pace with those abroad, exports are likely to lose ground with negative effects on national employment and income. Malaysias economic engine is slowing. Since the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998, Malaysias position as an economic leader in the region has steadily eroded. Growth has been lower than other crisis affected countries, while investment has not recovered. Private investors have taken a back seat. Since the Asian crisis, aggregate investment as a share of GDP in Malaysia has continued to decline, with private investment remaining stagnant due to several factors. In some industries, heavy government and government linked company (GLC) presence has discouraged private investment. Cumbersome and lengthy bureaucratic procedures have affected both the cost of investing, and the potential returns on investment. Malaysias place within the Global Competitiveness Index dropped to 24th in the 2010 report from 21st previously, indicating that the country is losing its attractiveness as an investment destination (New Economic Model For Malaysia, 2010) A plunge in exports wounded this trade-sensitive economy in 2009. The impact of weak exports spread to private investment, which fell sharply, and to private consumption, which was nearly flat. Fiscal stimulation packages provided some buffer for aggregate demand. Economic growth will rebound during the forecast period, underpinned by a recovery in exports and rising incomes. Annual inflation is set to pick up from low levels. The government plans renewed efforts to encourage private investment. Fixed investment fell sharply by 5.5%, with many firms cancel ling or deferring investment decisions. Investment acted as the major drag on GDP in 2009. The ringgit, having depreciated by 5.0% against the dollar during the first 3 months of 2009, when increased risk aversion and deleveraging activities by international investors increased the demand for dollars has since appreciated. Economic growth, while impressive, has slowed and private investment, averaging about 30% of GDP just before t he Asian financial crisis, has fallen to around 9.5% of GDP. These indicators point to the need to address deficiencies in the investment climate and to reappraise the role of public sector companies that compete with the private sector. (Rajapakse, 2010) Other than that, the effect of middle-income trap include lack of appropriately skilled human capital caused by brain drainA graduate teacher starts at RM2,500 per month in Malaysia, compared to RM6,196 in Singapore and RM15,661 in Hong Kong. Malaysian wages have fallen behind partly due to the gross divergence between the suppressed Malaysian CPI and that of the world (FONG, 2010). Globalization, outsourcing, offshoring and business process outsourcing gave rise to mobility of resources, investment, companies and skilled workers. Skilled workers flow to locations where they are paid higher and companies move to locations that are more competitive. Many skilled Malaysian workers have been leaving the country, lured by higher pay (Altfa, 2011). Many Malaysians could be found working overseas as they were often adaptable, multi-lingual and inexpensive. In terms of composition of the economy for most developed countries, more than 60% of annual gross domestic product (GDP) came from the services sector, with Malaysia somewhere just over 50%. Deputy director in the Public Private Partnership Centre and Secretariat to the Economic Council of the Economic Planning Unit Dr Soh Chee Seng said: Our productivity levels are not really low, it is just that they are falling behind other rapidly developing countries like China, India, Indonesia and Thailand: According to HSBC Bank Bhd executive director Jon Addis the countrys infrastructure was still patchy such as in terms of public transit, which had some idiosyncrasies. (Min) Malaysia stuck in middle income trap will lead to bring to affect of low value added industries. According to Wikepedia, value added  can be refers to extra features of an item of interest for example product, service, person and etc that go beyond the standard expectations and provide something more while adding little or nothing to its cost. Value-added features give competitive edges to companies with otherwise more expensive products. (Wikipedia) In Malaysia, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have evolved to become a key suppliers and service providers to large corporations, inclusive of Multinational Corporation and Transnational Corporation (MNCs TNCs). SMEs contributed to expanding output, providing the value added activities in the manufacturing sector, creating employment opportunities, contributing to broadening Malaysia export based. Our Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak has urged SMEs to adopt technology as a core part of their business strategy to gain a sus tainable competitive edge. He said that the SME community in Malaysia was not adopting technology as rapidly as it should. (Adopt new technology, Najib urges SMEs, 2011) For this point, SMI Association of Malaysia president Chua Tiam Wee urged the government should concern about the problem faced by SMEs, such as securing adequate financing at competitive rates for new start-ups, the issue of frequent policy changes in employing foreign workers to overcome shortage, and also the problems in dealing with government agencies to acquire halal certification and other licences. (Mustaza, 2011) Besides that, there are many factors have contributed to the countrys slower growth over the past year among them to caused less invest from FDIs to Malaysia, we are loss of comparative advantage with other emerging economics such as India, Vietnam and China which being supplanted as a low-cost export and services based. (The Middle Income Trap, 2010) Another effect of the middle income trap is that Malaysia providing a low skilled jobs and low wages to attract foreign worker migrant into our countries. To become one of the high income countries, mean that the income of an individual is high. The main goals of the New Economics Model(NEM) are that Malaysia will toward become a high income country with target of US$15,000 until 20,000 per capital by 2020. But now Malaysia stuck in the middle income trap because there are not enough high wages job created in Malaysia. Normally, high wages are often related to the high skilled worker. In fact the share of skilled labour has declined across industries. The figure as shown as below shown that the use of high skilled labour for differences industries for 2002 and 2007. The EE as one of the largest industries contribute in GDP of Malaysia. From the diagram, the use of high skilled labour in EE was declined from 54% to 46%. The regional competition did lead to some minor transformation over the years. Although the manufacturing sector in Malaysia was grew rapidly, but that is resulting shortage of Malaysian workers with higher wages. Therefore, the foreign labours are welcome to Malaysia to fill the gap. So the companies could enjoy low wages and production costs to comfortable profit. The skilled labour force is also linked to education. The labour force with tertiary education for advanced countries is usually high, so many skilled Malaysian worker will leaving the country to pursue a higher pay. The central themes of the 10th Malaysia Plan (10MP) is encapsulated in 10 Big Ideas, says the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) of the Prime Ministers Department. These 10 Big Ideas, if vigorously and consistently implemented would see Malaysia through the challenging times and enable the nation to be a high-income and developed nation by 2020, said the Unit under the Prime Ministers Department. (10MP Encapsulates In 10 Big Ideas, Says EPU, 2010) One of the ideas of the Tenth Big Ideas is to unleashing productivity-led growth and innovation. Malaysia stuck in the middle income trap will cause lacking in talent and innovation to do so. Malaysian graduates tend to more interested to work in abroad because they offered a high income from the other countries. As they leaving from Malaysia, it will lose the skilled talent needed to make innovation to develop the country. Therefore, Malaysia lack of holistic approach and systematic assessment of innovation. Besides that, the growth model eventu ally runs out of steam. As the incomes increase, so the costs also have to be concern. The low-tech manufacturing industry was undermining the competitiveness. Therefore, Malaysia tend to move up the value chain, into exports of more technologically advanced products, like electronics. The economy has to innovate and use labor and capital more productively. To get to become a high income country, the economy needs to do more than just make stuff by throwing people and money into factories. That requires an entirely different way of doing business. Companies must invest more heavily in RD on their own and employ highly educated and skilled workers to turn those investments into new products and profits. (DAN, 2010) Based on the effects of middle-income trap stated above, we strongly suggest that government has to consider thoroughly before Goods and Services Tax (GST) is imposed. . Such a plan has pros and cons and serious implications and has to be thoroughly studied and extensive consultation made before a final decision is made. Public consultation on this policy that would have great impact on the Malaysian economy and investment is seen as vigorous enough that would have an impact on poorer Malaysians and the government coffers (Altfa, Minimum wage policy can hurt manufacturers competitiveness, 2011). GST wills worsening the poverty condition in Malaysia as well as deteriorates the private consumption in economy. The ripple impacts of GST will deepen the situation of middle-income trap in our country. WAYS TO GET OUT OF MIDDLE INCOME TRAP Brain drain refers to significant emigration of educated and talent individuals to another country. Malaysia being criticised for mismanaging its talent human resources as skilled and talent Malaysian moved to countries whom provide better earnings [1]. The problem grew serious as the statistics of brain drain increasing dramatically. Federal Government stated that between the beginning of 2008 and August 2009, slightly more than 300,000 Malaysians migrated to overseas. It is estimated that in 2009 there were over 700,000 Malaysians living abroad, with up to two-thirds of them are professionals workers. Therefore it effects the economic transformation of our country from a low to a high value-added economy. Therefore to curb brain drain problem, a new Talent Corporation will be formed to find out and deliver top talent from overseas and locally that are beneficial to stimulate economic sectors. The Government will attract Malaysians currently living and working in other countries to return Malaysia in order to build their careers in Malaysia. According to the Minister in the Prime Ministers Department, Tan Sri Nor Mohd Yaacob, this corporation hopes to draw back at least 70,000 Malaysians from overseas over the next 10 years by offering a package of very attractive incentives [2]. Strategies were taken to succeed the talent corporation plan. Three areas have been identified in 10th Malaysian Plan including soft infrastructure investment such as skills development, providing enablers to support concentrated industrial clusters and specialisation and increasing Research Development and venture capital funding [1]. Government scholarships especially Public Service Department scholarship will be given to top students from around the world to further their studies in Malaysia whom later will be encouraged to contribute to the Malaysian talent pool [1]. The civil service will increase its focus on hiring high-caliber young talent and will offer 60,000 scholarships to students in local and foreign universities [1]. Moreover, under the 10MP open visas will be offered to highly-skilled foreign professionals and there will be no time limit on visas for skilled foreign workers whom earns more than RM8, 000 per month [1]. Despite that, living conditions will also be improved in order to attract more world-class talent to make their homes in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur will be set as a city for people seeking quality and diverse lifestyles, in close proximity to nature, cultural richness and excellent infrastructure [1]. Therefore Talent Corporation able to draw back Malaysian talented workforce to stimulate economy of Malaysia and indirectly could help Malaysia get out of middle income trap. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a significant role in Malaysias economic development. In the 14th century, Malacca had attracted FDIs in services because of its strategic location in the Straits of Malacca [3]. First, FDI has provided an additional source of capital which directly helps host country to expand their production activities and thereby generate more profit.   The profits can be used for the purpose of making contributions to the revenues of corporate taxes of the  recipient  country [4].  FDI assists in increasing the income that is generated through  revenues  realized through taxation [4]. [1] Lee Wee Lian (2010) The Malaysian Insider: Najib bets on move from hardware to software. [2] Malaysian Today online news (2010): Attracting talents back through the Talent Corporation [3] 2010 Foreign Direct Investment vs Domestic Investment. New Straits Times. FDI allows the transfer of technologies. In general, FDI provides the fastest and most effective way to deploy new technologies in developing host countries (UNCTAD 2000). Innovative technologies can help not only increase returns to investment but also improve productivity [4]. FDI also promoted exports and trade. Without foreign capital, Malaysia might not have experienced rapid increase in their exports. Exports have been the main engine of economic growth, especially for Malaysia, where it moved from mainly primary goods exporters to major exporters of manufactured goods. The shift in exports reflects the structural transformation of Malaysia from being agriculture-based to industry-based. Meanwhile, the countries that get FDI from another country can also develop the human capital resources by getting their employees to receive training and learn extra skills on the operations of a particular business. FDI can significantly relevant to boost economy. Therefore, we have to create more opportunities for major investors to invest in the domestic economy as FDI able to help Malaysia get out from the middle income trap. Malaysia will focus and worked out more to strengthen its investment attraction activities to attract both the domestic and foreign investment required. As a beginning, corporatization and empowerment of MIDA announced in the Tenth Malaysia Plan and the expansion of its scope to cover domestic investment [5]. There are two categories of investor attraction. First, targeted outreach to potential investors and secondly, partners as well as broader-marketing campaigns [5]. A Roadmap for Malaysia Targeted outreach activities include identifying and negotiating with specific investors to participate in identified projects will be conducted [5]. [4] Economy Watch: Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment [5] Chapter 1: New Economy Model of Malaysia: Economic Transformation Programmed Fiscal stimulus packages helped increased the spending on green technologies in many countries. Several countries have focused to technologies that help improve energy efficiency. Recently, statistics shows that only 13 percent of Chinas domestic electricity consumption is provided through cogeneration facilities. Meanwhile, when cogeneration facilities are combined with district heating and cooling (DHc) systems, further synergies can be created. Through implementation of a DHc facility and as well as the size and number of buildings the cost of total capital and investment can be lower than the cost of traditional methods for heating and cooling individual buildings. This energy efficiency significantly reduces carbon emissions. (Article: Escaping the Middle Income Trap) Moreover, some green technologies have ability to reduce poverty or inequality gap. For example, renewable energies such as solar power can facilitate rural electrification, which can help to reduce poverty [6]. Investment to keep green technology efficient could help a country to escape from middle income by reducing poverty and inequality. However, public funds get misallocated or finance white elephant projects, with less contribution to the economy. For example, plenty of Chinas green investments are in wind technology. However, some analysts report shows that a high proportion of Chinas current wind assets might be either not in use or not connected to the national power grid. In other cases, promoted new technologies can be far from the economys comparative advantage or their subsidization can harm competitiveness. In this case, measures that allow the market provide guide when subsidizing or investing in green economy are required. (Article: Escaping Middle Income Trap) [6] World Bank. 2000. Energy Services for the Worlds Poor. Energy And Development Report 2000. ESMAP, World Bank, Washington, Dc. There are many ways to Malaysia be escape from the Middle trap income. One of it is by New Economic Model (NEM). NEM is an economic plan in Malaysia discovered on 30th March, 2010 by Najib Tun Razak, Malaysian Prime Minister. It is intended to more than double the per capita income in Malaysia by 2020. According to Najib, the goal of NEM is to transform the Malaysian economy to become one with high incomes and quality growth. The keys to the plas as described by Najib are high income, sustainability and inclusiveness. For the high income key, there are lifting the real growth rate to an average of 6.5% per annum over the 2011-2020 period. Per capita GDP will rise to about USD 17,700 by 2020 and aggregate demand will have to grow at a robust pace as well. [7] Moreover, the high income key in NEM will unlock the value of in Principles of Learning: Overview of Theories Principles of Learning: Overview of Theories Yesenia Zuniga Learning Principles Telling a child to do something is never an easy thing to do because most of the time they won’t listen to their parents. During the age of four to eight years old the only thing a child wants to do is play and bond with other kids. Parents are affecting a child’s academic performances if the only thing a parent is doing is letting their child play and not having any reading time before they start elementary school. There are three learning principles a parent should use to help their child enjoy to read and enhance their academic performances while in school; classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning is what parents can use to motivate their child to read. Although a child might find reading boring if a parent uses the three learning principles a child can adapt to reading and find their child to have cognitive development. The first learning principle is classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is learning to link two stimuli in a way that helps us anticipate an event to which we have a reaction (Psychology book). Parents are going to learn the best method to link two stimuli and help their child learn that reading is a wonderful pastime. During classical conditioning parents are going to have to learn also how to identify the following; neutral stimuli (NS), unconditioned response (UR), unconditional stimuli (US), conditioned response (CR), and conditioned stimulus (CS). Many parents may think how do I know that classical conditioning works? An example of classical conditioning is the experiment of â€Å"Little Albert† led by John B. Watson, during this experiment little Albert had no fear of anything. When he was presented a rat he had no fear, when little Albert heard the noise of the steel bar hit with a hammer he would start crying, after when they combined the rat and the hammer hit the steel bar little Albert became afraid of the rat. The US, was the loud noise, the UR, was the fear response, the NS was the rat before it was paired with the noise, the CS was the rat after pairing; the CR was fear (psychology book pg.247). A classical conditioning strategy a parent could use for their child is for the parent to create a child’s library room in their home, in the wall they could have a painting of their child’s favorite cartoons character reading, have classical music while the child is reading, and also have a comfortable sofa. A child will see that when he or she starts reading is a place they could escape to, is somewhere they could be comfortable and relax and through time the child would think of reading is something peaceful, delighted, and a de-stress zone. In this case the US will be the painting of the cartoon, the UR is listening to the music while the child is reading, the NS is the book, after condition the CS would be the book the child is reading and the CR is the child actually enjoying reading a book. There are many strategies one can use but this would be the best, for a child to want to hear and learn how to read but a parent has to make it fun for them. Making it fun for the child to read is important because if it is fun then the child will find it amusing. The second learning principle is operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is changing behavior choices in response to consequences (Psychology book). During operant conditioning a parent can use a positive or a negative reinforcement. A parent should use both reinforcement and the parent is going to use fixed-interval schedule which is in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed (psychology book pg.279). A strategy a parent could use is read a book to their child, sit them down and make them listen without having any disturbances but the child should understand that it could be rewarding or there could be consequences if they do not listen. When the parent finishes reading the book to their child, the child must explain what the parent has read to them. When the child is not able to explain what they were just read to the parent should take away an hour of playtime and make them read a book on their own. In th is case this would be a negative reinforcement but through time the child would understand that when they are read to they should listen so they could understand and be able to explain what other people are reading to them which would help them when the child is in school because it would also teach them to listen to their teachers. A positive reinforcement could be, if the child is able to explain what the parent just read to them the parent should reward the child with a small dessert. The child will see that paying attention while someone is reading to them it can be rewarding and they will also see that through time reading can be rewarding. The third learning principle is observational learning. Observational learning is acquiring new behaviors and information through observation and information, rather than by direct experience (Psychology Book). This learning principle has a modeling and a vicarious learning; a modeling is the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior (psychology book 290) and a vicarious learning our choices are affected as we see others get consequences for their behaviors. The best decision a parent should use while trying to teach their children that reading is fun would be modeling. Kids tend to copy one another and if a parents teaches their children to sit down for an hour and read to him or her they could be an influence to other children. Not only will this strategy be helping their academic performance it will help other kids with their performances as well. Kids tend to learn so much by observing other people and kids, parents could use that advantage to help their child be an influence to other kids and tell them that reading is something enjoyable. Parents need to teach their children that reading is fun that is something enjoyable so their child could be an influence to other kids and his or her friends. Parents could have difficulties with their children to get them to read but with classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and with observational learning it is possible. The parents have to start taking action because they are the ones that can help improve their child’s academic performance. Instead of letting their children play and waiting for them to start school so they could start learning how to read parents should be reading to them when they are three to four year old so they are used to it. Parents need to expose their children to books at a young age because at a young age a child may listen and through time they get used to reading but if they want to get their child to get used to reading in their teenage years is more difficult. Academic performances are very important in a child’s life because it determines their capability in school and in the world, and if by teaching a child to read at a young age helps them improve then that is what a parent shou ld be doing. Reference Page David G. Myers, D,B. (2013). Psychology 10th Edition, New York: Worth Publishers

Daphne DuMaurier Essay -- Authors

â€Å"Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again† is one of the most capturing opening phrases of the famous novel â€Å"Rebecca† written by Daphne Du’ Maurier and published in 1938. After the first two paragraphs the story’s unnamed narrator reminisces about her past, but the narrator's name is never revealed. She is referred to as "my dear", Mrs. de Winter, â€Å"my wife", etc., but her first and last name are never given by the author. This opening line gave form to the entire story â€Å"Rebecca† and for over sixty years audiences around the world have praised Daphne Du’Maurier’s novels for their spellbinding mix of suspense, romance, mystery, and horror. Very similar to writers like the Bronte sisters Daphne Du’maurier’s works stand out as a superb example of melodramatic writing. Daphne Du’Maurier was born on May 13th, 1907 in London, England. The middle of three daughters, Du’Maurier was born into a prominent artistic and literary household. She was the granddaughter of famed caricaturist George du Maurier, and the daughter of actor-manager George du Maurier and actress Muriel Beaumont. With her early introduction to literary and artistic accomplishments it is no surprise that Du’Maurier was fascinated by imaginary worlds and wrote her first short story to be published in a magazine, which led to a literary contract, when she was only in her teens. Daphne Du’Maurier’s father, Gerald Du’Maurier, was an English actor and manager, who married Muriel Beaumont in 1902 and proceeded to have three daughters. Daphne’s sisters Angela and Jeanne Du’Maurier were both writers, but not nearly so well known or accomplished as their sister. In 1931, Du’Maurier wrote her first full length novel, â€Å"The Loving Spirit†. After writing this novel when sh... ..., author, or artist, but above all as an intellectual individual with passion and talent in writing who changed literary history with each one of her works.  Works Cited GradeSaver. "Biography of Daphne Du Maurier | List of Works, Study Guides & Essays". GradeSaver, 13 May 2012 Web. 13 May 2012. Du Maurier, Daphne. Frenchman's Creek . Garden City, New York: Nelson Doubleday Inc., 1941. Print. Du Maurier, Daphne - Richard Kelly (essay date 1987). Short Story Criticism. Ed. Drew Kalasky. Vol. 18. Gale Cengage, 1995. eNotes.com. 14 May, 2012 Auerbach, Nina. Daphne Du Maurier, Haunted Heiress . University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. Print. Leng, Flavia. Daphne du Maurier: A Daughter's Memoir. Mainstream Publishing, 1999. Print. 

Life Changing Disaster

It was the most terrifying moment of my life, a storm that I will never forget. It came to us as a surprise, in the middle of the night, when everyone was asleep. It was powerful and deadly for many. It changed my life completely when It left me and family with a destroyed home for months. Of course nobody knew what was going to come next and how things will be. It was dark and windy and nobody was awake In the house when I heard a loud bang outside my window.I woke up and saw a tree broken from Its roots lying on the driveway of my neighbors' house. Next thing I know, my mother ran to my room and opened the door. She had woken up from the sound of the tree falling as well. The first thing that came to our minds was to go straight to the basement in case a tornado was coming. My dad checked all the windows and locked all the doors while I and my mom collected water and food to bring to the basement in case we had to stay there for a while.The storm was roughly six or seven hours long during which e heard trees, houses' windows and other things breaking from the strong wind. Finally the storm had passed and we went upstairs to see nothing but broken windows and furniture thrown around the house by the wind. The storm was the most destructive one in the area recorded in nearly a hundred years according to statistics we heard on the news. It had left people without shelter for weeks and even months. Three of my neighbors were killed by the storm, along with hundreds more in the area which it had hit.Nobody knew where it came from or owe it happened to be so powerful but the outcome of it was horrifying. I was only seven years old and already had seen death and destruction. A psychological scar was given to me by the hands of the destructive wind. For months I was afraid of encountering another disaster like that one. I begged my parents to move our bedrooms to the basement Just to be safe. They knew it had a large Impact on my perception of storms and wind overall but chose to let me try and overcome my fear by facing it.The bedrooms stayed where they were but we had to eve out of the house and to a motel for a month while the house was being worked on by my dad and uncle. Even till this day the sound of wind Is more terrifying to me than death Itself. The loud whistling of the wind and the dancing of the trees makes me shiver Like a child. Days pass and people forget about what happened on that dark autumn night. Only the children who lost their parents and the people who lost their spouses still remember the terror. Now I know to always expect the unexpected and try to prepare for the worst so if it comes, I could be ready.Life Changing Disaster By denouncement September 24, 2010 was powerful and deadly for many. It changed my life completely when it left me and It was dark and windy and nobody was awake in the house when I heard a loud bang outside my window. I woke up and saw a tree broken from its roots lying on the large impact on my p erception of storms and wind overall but chose to let me try and Even till this day the sound of wind is more terrifying to me than death itself. The loud whistling of the wind and the dancing of the trees makes me shiver like a child.

Artworks by Jeff Koons

Artworks by Jeff Koons New Hoover Convertibles Jeff Koon was one of the most controversial artists of the post war time, his works were designed to provoke, shock, astonish, but at the same time, to inform, point out and communicate.1Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Artworks by Jeff Koons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His work called â€Å"New Hoover Convertibles† was created in 1981. The visually distinctive factors of this work are the three vacuum cleaners that were advanced for their time. The artist put them into a transparent container make of acryl and added fluorescent lights in the bottom so that the exhibits were properly lit. By inserting the vacuum cleaners into the transparent box and adding fluorescent dramatic lighting the artist made the appliances look like very valuable trophies. This was done in order to communicate the public passion for consumption and the change of values in the society. Koons pointed out th at in the beginning of eighties household appliances were something people had to work hard to buy, they represented everyone’s big goal, they were the evidence of an important achievement. The historic factors that influence Koon and inspired him to create this work of art was the rapid development of technologies and the social passion for consumption and the love for pristine newness.2 Besides, the way the three vacuum cleaners are arranged – in a straight line, makes it clear that the work of art symbolizes not only consumerism but capitalism dwelling in the supermarkets and putting the goods in geometrically correct rows, lines and forms. His work represents the mass culture of the beginning of the eighties and the use of readymade goods presents the nature of consumption in a controversial way by comparing usual objects to valuables and paying capacity to an achievement.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get you r first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Triple Elvis Triple Elvis is a work of art that contains three levels. They are arranged hierarchically. The closes object seen by the viewers of the work is a blow up pool toy shaped as a red lobster. The second dimension of the work includes three photographs of a half naked Playboy model in seductive poses. The last layer is the print made of Westermann’s art works arranged one over another in an abstract manner. This layer is located the farthest from the audience. Each of the dimensions overlaps with the ones near to it. Lobster pool toy is put on top of the whole work. By creating such hierarchy in his art work, Koons demonstrated the reversed values where art is at the very bottom of the pyramid, and pornographic images are more important than it.3 They also are bigger in size. Finally, the very top is occupied by a very simple entertainment item that is not artistic at all. Adding it to his pyramid of art Koons sho ws the new attitude towards aesthetics and beauty. Making the lobster a part of the art work and actually placing it on top of everything else Koons demonstrated the ranks of values. This way Koons’ pyramid of art turns to the pyramid of consumption. The most popular kind of goods and entertainments are represented by the pool toy. The next is a series of images of sexual character – the second most popular consumption product. Finally, art is at the very bottom and is mixed up. In this work Koons makes art a part of consumption culture of the eighties. This is why all art works of Koons were based on the elements of Triple Elvis. Bibliography Farago, Jason. â€Å"Jeff Koons: A Retrospective review – great, good, bad and terrible  art†. The guardian. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Artworks by Jeff Koons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fineberg, Jonathan. Art Since 1940. Upper Sad dle River: Peason, 2010. Jeff Koons: A Retrospective†. Whitney.org. Web. Footnotes 1 â€Å"Jeff Koons: A Retrospective†, Whitney.org. 2 Jason Farago, â€Å"Jeff Koons: A Retrospective review – great, good, bad and terrible art†, The guardian. 3 Jonathan Fineberg, Art Since 1940 (Upper Saddle River: Peason, 2010), 460.

False Promise of Int. Inst., John Mearsheimer essays

False Promise of Int. Inst., John Mearsheimer essays In his article, The False Promise of International Institutions, John Mearsheimer argues that international institutions are unrelated to political stability, and do not have any major influence on issues of war and peace. In this essay, I will attempt to prove through historical evidence, that in fact international institutions have not become the international stabilizers they were designed to be, therefore they can not be expected to maintain sustainable peace and world order. Mearsheimer defines institutions as a set of rules that stipulate the ways in which states should cooperate and compete with each other (Mearsheimer, p8). In his essay, he refers to the three theories of institutionalism in order to illustrate his lack of confidence in the effectiveness of international institutions. The first, liberal institutionalism, emphasizes economic and environmental cooperation as a means to avoid war. The second, collective security, deals with preventing war by rejecting the use of force, by the immediate squashing of any threat of war, disallowing states to act out of self interest and by using the joint forces of states to combat antagonists. The third, critical theory, takes a revolutionary approach, and strives to change the structure of politics in order to make cooperation inevitable and create circumstances for lasting peace, (Mearsheimer, p14, 15). Mearsheimer disagrees with the competence of institutionalism because states, when dealing with international politics, cannot be divorced from their natural tendencies to follow the concepts of realism. According to realism states in the international system fear each other...aim to guarantee their own survival... and aim to maximize their relative power positions over other states, (Mearsheimer, p11). Mearsheimer claims that, although conditions for stability and cooperation have occurred, cooperation among state...

Significance of Business Process Modelling in Modern Day Context Essay

Significance of Business Process Modelling in Modern Day Context - Essay Example According to the discussion  a business process is a collection of rationally related business activities that integrate in order to deliver something of value such as products, services, goods and information to the customer. It can be viewed individually as discrete steps in a business cycle or jointly as the collection of activities that assist in the creation of the value chain of an organisation and thus relate that value chain with the needs of the customers.From this study it is clear that  business process modelling’s chief objective is to enhance the performance of the business by optimising the effectiveness of connecting activities in the provision of the products or services. The technique is generally related to mapping and workflow in order to permit understanding, analysis as well as positive change. The chief aim of the essay is to comprehend the significance and the benefits of business process modelling in modern day context. It will begin with the discus sion of the meaning of the business process modelling with certain examples. The essay will further attempt at discussing regarding the uses of business process modelling and the reasons behind the organisations implementing it as well as the benefits they derive out of the implementation of this process. The essay will also endeavour at comprehending the various approaches to business process modelling.  Business process reengineering can be considered as one of the most famous terms since the 1990s.

REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

REPORT - Essay Example Staff at the restaurant should address customers politely avoiding stereotypes along race or class. The FAMM model The Five Aspects Meal Model refers factors that play an important role in the restaurant to make the meal experience an entire process. These factors include the room, the meeting, the product, the management control system and the atmosphere. The meeting Service and service quality is considered as a ‘meeting’ depending on the way that the customer is treated. To understand the value of the meeting, a restaurant staff needs to have knowledge of social psychology and rules of etiquette. Higher education is vital for service staff to exhibit mature social interaction in the restaurant. Service staffs make the major contact between a client and the restaurant. A waiter should to explain to the client what is in the menu and the preparation time of meals in a friendly manner. Arrogant waiters can make the whole dining experience very boring to the client. Waite rs should also understand that customers might elevate their own social status in a restaurant. A customer can pretend to be successful and rich. (Kivela, 1994, pp 24).Waiters should be able to assist customers who are less experienced in hotel dining. A waiter who is more helpful than arrogant to an ignorant client will help the restaurant obtain a good reputation.(Finkelstein,1989, pp 34). The room Many meals are consumed in a room. The person offering meals in a commercial setting should improve the eating environment to meet the client’s needs in the best way. Decoration of the room should take into consideration aspects such as style, history of the room, and the design of the room. The created eating environment in a restaurant setting is called a ‘service scape’ (Bitner, 1992, pp102). Modification of the context of a room can influence our taste of wine (Hersleth et al., 2003, pp54). The beliefs and past experiences of a client while consuming food in the same environment changes depending on the context of the eating. Meals need to be in agreement with the overall style of the restaurant (Bowen &Morris, 1995, pp56).Restaurant interiors should also be in agreement with the type of food offered. The product The product component is made of the foods and beverages served in a restaurant including their combination. Waiters in a restaurant are able to use their theoretical and practical knowledge of food and drink to suggest on choice of wine and food. The main purpose of having immense knowledge of food and beverages by the customer is to be able to satisfy the client’s need for the perfect combination of food and beverages. A study by (Nygren, 2004, pp98) has shown that sometimes food and wine combinations fit together but occasionally they do not .The visual effect of the product also has an effect on the restaurant experience of the customer. A study by (Warde and Martens,2000pp210) shows that visual effect played a vital rol e in creating success for the restaurant. In some extreme cases, the appearance of the dish was an indicator of whether the restaurant had succeeded. The taste of the food should meet the expectation of the client.( Fine, 1992,pp104).Consumers of readymade food for example expect their food to taste good .Sensory characteristics of food is vital in any restaurant. The management control system. Leadership and economic issues are under the

Reactions to Industrial Domination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reactions to Industrial Domination - Essay Example The case considered here are multinational agro food companies. As in any entity, aside from corporate objectives of increased sales of products and services, these companies want to be seen as having humanitarian causes. They are pictured as companies who solve problems of poor countries, particularly in terms of hunger, through new technologies and free trade agreements. There is no objection to that. But behind these objectives, are the underlying reasons that these large corporations have a great ability to influence the market because of their large market share. Again as in OPEC, any increase or decline in oil production has a dramatic effect worldwide. The flow of activities in industrial domination creates uneven distribution of wealth, and draws a big impact on the global economy. For instance, in food production, the system underpays their inputs and overpays their outputs. Here since there are few sellers, big corporations can command a price and exert their power to farmers in buying expensive agricultural inputs. and into buying the farmers' product at a bargain price, and sometimes lesser than it cost to grow them. This alone is a disadvantageous position to farmers. Not only that, the large ... Unknown to the public, these corporations influences the industry as it formulates guidelines on nutrition, food safety regulations, and rules for labeling and content disclosure which all work for their benefit. The monopoly of food conglomerates has the power to set wages and farm gate prices which is usually tipping the edge advantageous to the corporations by setting a below levels of farm gate prices, workers' wages and benefits. The implication here starts when farmers are forced to sell their lands by the agribusiness powers, and in other developing countries, sometimes called third world countries, the fall down of domestic market due to the pressure of dumped imports. Domestic market cannot compete with the dumped imports eventually leading to the closing of factories and abandonment of agricultural lands. Workers, then have no resort but to accept low wages, work under poor conditions in the factories of giant corporations, and often restricted in labor rights, or others consider migration. Effects on environment. While the damage to environment cannot be felt now, the future generation will feel the effects particularly on agriculture, when there would be soil erosion, water depletion, toxic contamination, and loss of" bio-diversity" that will deplete the natural resources . The loss will be shouldered by the people, while the gains are raked by these conglomerates. Influence on taxes and subsidies. The public is kept uninformed that they are actually subsidizing these companies thru taxes. Because of influence, and complexity of operations, big companies found a way of reduced tax liabilities.

Consumer Sciences Education Essay Example for Free

Consumer Sciences Education Essay Puberty is the period when children experience various physical and emotional changes in their bodies. Puberty comes with psychological effects that affect the teen’s interaction at school, with their peers and parents. Puberty Puberty is the stage in childrens lives when they experience physical changes through which their bodies eventually develop into adult bodies that are capable of reproducing. It is triggered by hormonal signals that stimulate the growth, function and change in different parts of the body, including the reproductive organs, breasts, skin, muscles, bones, hair and the brain depending on the sex (Allison, 2000). Puberty has various psychological effects within the school context, peers and parents. Within the school context puberty has wide psychological effects like searching identity and role confusion. It impacts their choice of career, sports activities, work schedule and tend to rebellious to the administration. It has been noted that adolescents prefer more liberal schools. At the same time the transition for example to high school has various effects on their academic achievement (Steinberg, 2001). During puberty, adolescents have very high regard for their peers. They measure who they are, their morals and lifestyles against them. Young people struggle to belong and to be accepted and affirmed by their peers, and yet also to become individuals. This desperate need for acceptance may explain why many teens engage in substance abuse and sexual activities. According to Allison, (2000, 54), adolescents tend to heed to advice from peers than from teachers and parents. It is notably however, the relationship between a teen and his or her peers has great impact on their self esteem. According to Steinberg, (2001, 67), parent-adolescent conflict increases during puberty. Conflict has been found to be most evident in interactions between adolescent girls and their mothers and relatively between boys and fathers. Many adolescents feel that the parents do not understand them and that they have different lives and interests. They also feel that the parents cannot guide them properly through this â€Å"stormy† period because they do not face the same challenges (Allison, 2000). In conclusion, there need to be a mutual understanding between parents and adolescents as puberty is a sensitive stage and needs to be handled with care by both parties. Only this way that both will minimize the unnecessary conflicts and promote understanding. Reference Allison, Barbara. (2000). Parent-adolescent conflict in early adolescence. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education: Vol 18, No. 2 Steinberg, Laurence. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology: Vol 52: 83-110.

A Gradual Decline in Prejudice between Places and People in North and S

A Gradual Decline in Prejudice between Places and People in North and South Through her characterizations of the two main characters in Margaret Hale and John Thornton, Elizabeth Gaskell develops a transition from prejudice to love. She reveals their inner most thoughts through an omniscient third person narrative to allow the audience to empathise with their feelings. The Characters develop through dialogue because they dispute over the North and South divide and try to distance themselves from each other. But despite their prejudices love prevails because of the actions of good will shown by Margaret, which John interprets to be feelings of love. The audience is satisfied that they have found a general cause which is sufficient to counteract the forms of prejudice depicted in the novel, and that cause is love. The fundamental theme of prejudice in the story is location. Gaskell contrasts the North and South almost as if they were two entirely different countries. Helstone is a sunny place, and the days are lazy and care free for Margaret. As they approach Milton ...

Essay example --

Post Impressionism Essays 1. Post impressionism is a term that is used to describe a group of late-19th century and early-20th century artists whose work helped art transition into a new era. These artist defied the naturalism of the Impressionist to explore color, line, and form. This rebellion led to the development of Expressionism. Generally, the approaches were so varied that it is difficult just to focus on one artist and their technique. One of the most prominent Post-Impressionist artists was Vincent Van Gogh. His work is best known for its rough ascetic and bold colors. Van Gogh favored fauvism, which was a movement that implemented vivid expressionistic and non-naturalistic color. Van Gogh’s color was typically saturated and arbitrary. Most of Van Gogh’s paintings show gestural brushwork and examples include: Starry Night and Wheatfield with Cypresses. Also, he often experimented with different perspectives. Another influential post-impressionist artists was George Seurat. Seurat’s main emphasises were surrealism and expressionism. Seurat used Renaissance techniques and styles, creating a hybrid approach to Post-Impressionism. This scientific, more disciplined approach is called Pointillism or Neo-Impressionism. Pointillism is characterized by applying many small dots of pure color so that they become blended to the viewer’s eye. The aim of pointillism is to produce a greater degree of luminosity and brilliance of color. With his new techniques, Seurat generally painted the middle class during their leisure time and his subjects include circus, parks, and harbors. Paul Gauguin was a leading French post impressionist artist whose focus was his imagination. He worked in a studio and experimented with color. His wo... ...rit of the dead, watches over her. Gauguin, in this painting, created a supernatural and fearful aura in this painting. Gauguin experimented with color to arouse deep emotion. Besides the upsetting color, the general composition of the painting is disturbing. The old woman in the background that is watching the girl is eerie. A painting that inspired The Spirit of the Walking Dead was Olympia by Manet. With the completion of Olympia, Manet had set a new precedent for the modern female nude. Also, Manet rejected the standards and challenged people’s morality with his painting. Gauguin's painting challenged society by its form. The most shocking thing about the woman depicted is her age. When this was painted, she was fourteen. Also, the body is disproportionate. An example of this is how her hands are larger than her feet and how her body is awkwardly positioned.

Effective emerging leader Essay

It is very important for an effective emerging leader such as me, to become stronger in a stimulating, educationally-rich environment. To become great, a student leader must have many great examples of leadership, teaching and truth. The University of South Florida embodies all of these traits for me, and that is why this university appeals to me in every way. I have had the opportunity not only to practice leadership in middle school as the student body President, but also be the Relay for Life Captain for three years, Yearbook Club Editor, Cross Country Captain and senior Student Government President to finish my high school years. Another advantage I have is the fact that my Aunt Graduated from USF and my mother will be attending USF’s School of Education in a couple of years. My Aunt has introduced me to the campus, and through her I have heard about the awesome opportunities and great times that await me. Leadership has always been the role I was meant to assume and effective degree-holding leaders are crucial in our fast paced, ever evolving world. I believe The University of South Florida will teach me how to become such a leader with its world class faculty and all the opportunities Greek life and volunteering affords. In conclusion, leadership traits I have learned from experience, mentors and teachers over the years will truly benefit my USF life and other USF Bulls as well! Whether it is through volunteer opportunities such as Relay for Life, or running for a position on the student Senate, I intend to be a very effective leader at the University of South Florida and leave an everlasting mark of greatness on its campus.

buy custom American Japanese National Discrimination in the Novel No-No Boy

buy custom American Japanese National Discrimination in the Novel No-No Boy The Novel No-No Boy by John Okada Abstract The paper is a book report of the novel No-No Boy by John Okada. This is the only novel written by the author, which was published in 1957. It depicts the aftermaths of the Second World War for Japanese Americans and consequences of the main characters decision not to join the US army. However, the question remains open: who is the biggest traitor: people who renounce their country of origin or the ones who choose to remember it and not associate the government with the cultural heritage. The whole political situation does not leave an option but to betray. One way or another, people betray either their own moral principles or conscience or their close people; either their country of origin or the government of the country they live in. The main character just tries to be loyal to basic human values in this mayhem. Thus, there is a moral search of main characters, the author himself and the whole nation at the background of social and historical events of the Second World War and the social position of Japanese Americans in the USA.

Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! essays

Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! essays Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! was the attack code name given to Japanese fighter pilots to use to signal the green light to commanders in prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. It is also the title of one of the beset films Ive ever seen. Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! is a film that describes the events leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. This film unlike any other Ive ever seen, presents a thorough balance of these events as seen by both the Japanese and United States side.. Most films, especially films about wars are projected through one set of eyes, usually with a slant towards the filmmakers nationality of choice. Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! allows the enemy to be seen as reasonable humans ( as much as war will allow) with calculated decisions to make from their point of view as opposed to a people marching throughout the Far East with reckless abandon. The Japanese were reeling under the U.S. and Britain oil embargo and were looking to seize the opportunity of their perceived Asian nationalism as the western powers were busy in Europe. The Japanese signed the Tri-Partite pact which in a sense put in motion Japanese aggression towards the U.S. From the beginning of the film, the directors allow the viewer the many clues to the historical acuteness of the film and the fair and balanced directoring. The film starts off with a changing of the guard of Commanders in Chiefs ( Incoming Yamamoto and outgoing Yoshida). While the film does not go in to background, this was due to the Japanese navy and army constant difference of military opinion. The actual changing of the guard also offers some clues to Japans rise to worldwide prominence. Im assuming the uniforms and protocol of the Japanese navy was somewhat authentic. If so, one can easily see striking U.S. and British military influence on the Japanese as they emulated these two powers as Japan was nation building. The dress whites worn by t...